![]() Our findings provide important advancements in the detection of chemicals in serum samples.Ģ.1. We used three major chemical substances used for the production of plastic resins, i.e., the isocyanate TDI and the carbonyl compounds PA and FA. Therefore, appropriate methods for measurement of chemical exposure should simultaneously utilize many inexpensive antibodies and have the capacity for analysis of small serum samples.Īccordingly, in this report, we established a method for simultaneous detection of multiple chemical-specific IgG antibodies in human serum with high sensitivity using dot blot assays. Furthermore, workers may be exposed different combinations of chemical substances, particularly in small plants. In general, plants handling plastic resins do not only use one type of chemical substance. However, although several chemical-specific IgEs can be measured commercially, chemical-specific IgG cannot be measured commercially in Japan. Based on measurements of sensitivity, specific IgG can be a useful diagnostic marker of occupational allergy. The corresponding sensitivity and specificity estimates for specific IgG were reported to be 46% - 72% and 74% - 92%, respectively. Using ELISA, specific IgE has been shown to identify inhalation challenge-positive workers with 14% - 31% sensitivity and 89% - 97% specificity. Recently, enzyme immunoassay methods, e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), have been used worldwide for detection of these IgE and IgG proteins. Ĭhemical-specific IgE and IgG antibodies in serum, particularly those targeting TDI, have been widely investigated as diagnostic markers of occupational allergies. Therefore, TDI, PA, and FA can induce occupational allergies in workers who come in contact with these chemicals. ![]() FA can cause skin sensitivity, and PA can cause respiratory and skin sensitivity. Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), which causes serious upper respiratory health problems, is the monomer used for PUR production, whereas phthalic anhydride (PA) is used for UP production, and formaldehyde (FA) is used for PF and UF production. Moreover, several additional types of polymers are considered hazardous, including phenol formaldehyde resins (PFs), unsaturated polyesters (UPs), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and urea-formaldehyde resins (UFs). The polymers ranked as most hazardous include polyurethanes (PURs), polyacrylonitriles (PANs), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), epoxy resins, and styrenic copolymers. Most chemicals used for producing plastic polymers are derived from various types of nonrenewable crude oils, and some of these polymers are hazardous. Plastics are present ubiquitously throughout society and the environment. In 2010, plastic production reached 265 million tonnes worldwide, and approximately 5% of world plastic production is carried out in Japan. The production and consumption of plastics have increased worldwide. These results suggested that dot blot assays using chemical-HSA adducts as antigens could be beneficial for simultaneously measuring multiple chemical-specific IgGs. ![]() Serum samples from workers at plants utilizing plastic resins strongly reacted with TDI, PA, and FA adducts in HSA, while reduced signals were detecting using the serum from unexposed workers. Therefore, we performed dot blot assays using these adducts as artificial antigens. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) showed that the structures of chemical adducts of HSA were different from those of native HSA. Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), phthalic anhydride (PA), and formaldehyde (FA), which are frequently used to synthesize various resins, reacted well with lysine residues of human serum albumin (HSA) under alkaline conditions. ![]() In this study, we aimed to establish a convenient method for detection of multiple chemical-specific IgG antibodies in human serum based on dot blot analysis. Therefore, serum-specific antibodies against plastic resins have been widely investigated as diagnostic markers for occupational allergies. Plastic resins are known to cause occupational allergies. ![]()
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